What is Inetpub? How the Inetpub Folder Works, Avoiding Vulnerabilities, and More

We often mention inetpub in the process of explaining different development processes and tricks, such as in this post on how to view IIS logs on Windows and Azure. Because it's important to understand how the inetpub folder works, the advantages of doing your development work there, and how to avoid potential vulnerabilities, we thought we'd take a closer look at inetpub as a stand-alone topic.